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    Vedas

    Veda means knowledge. The word comes from the Sanskrit language and is derived from the verb root vid, 'to know'. The Vedas are considered the earliest literary record of Indo-Aryan civilization, and the most sacred books of India

    The Veda contain hymns, rituals, and mantras.

    The four Vedas Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda are divided into four sections:

    Samhitas: Mantras and Hymns
    Brahmanas: Rituals
    Aranyakas: Meditations
    Upanishads: Philosophy, known as Vedanta, or the end of the Vedas

    There are also auxiliary texts called Vedangas.

    Vedanga (Ved = knowledge, anga = part) are the disciplines necessary to read and understand the Vedas fully. These are six in number:
    a) Siksha, i.e. pronunciation and phonetics;
    b) Chhanda, i.e. metre;
    c) Vyakarana, i.e. grammar (Panini's rules and views);
    d) Nirukta, i.e. etymology (Yaska's writings);
    e) Jyotisha, i.e. astronomy;
    f) Kalpa, i.e. rules for sacrifices and ceremonies in accordance with the Vedas. Also known as Kalpa-sutras or Sautra-sutras.

    The Vedas are also divided into two parts, namely, the Karmakanda and the Jnanakanda. Karmakanda deals with rituals and sacrifices whereas Jnanakanda deals with the Vedanta philosophy. For thousands of years only Karmakanda was more popular as the real Veda. Vedanta part of the Vedas was meant only for the sanyasins (monks). It was Shri Shankaracharya who wrote Bhashyas (commentaries) on a few selected Upanishads, called the Principal Upanishads, and made their studies popular.

    Keywords:

    Atma Soul
    Mana Mind
    Paramatma Purest form of the Atma
    Avatars Manifestation of God in a physical form
    Satwik karma Deeds
    Bramhanda Universe
    Brahana Priest
    Guru Teacher
    Srishti Nature
    Dharma Religion
    Vyakarana Grammar
    Netra Eyes
    Panch Tatwa The five elemental forms of existence


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